Occupational Title and Description

SOC Code

Accountants and Auditors Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records for the purpose of giving advice or preparing statements. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data. Illustrated Example: Bursar, Certified Public Accountant, Tax Accountant

13-2011

Actors Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or motion picture productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing. Illustrated Example: Elocutionist, Extra, Dramatic Reader

27-2011

Actuaries Analyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates and construct probability tables to forecast risk and liability for payment of future benefits. May ascertain premium rates required and cash reserves necessary to ensure payment of future benefits. Illustrated Example: Actuarial Mathematician

15-2011

Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers Conduct hearings to decide or recommend decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters and prepare decisions. Determine penalties or the existence and the amount of liability, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims, or compromise settlements. Illustrated Example: Adjudicator, Traffic Court Referee

23-1021

Administrative Services Managers Plan, direct, or coordinate supportive services of an organization, such as recordkeeping, mail distribution, telephone operator/receptionist, and other office support services. May oversee facilities planning and maintenance and custodial operations. Exclude "Purchasing Managers" (11-3061). Illustrated Example: Facilities Manager, Space Officer

11-3011

Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and Instructors Teach or instruct out-of-school youths and adults in remedial education classes, preparatory classes for the General Educational Development test, literacy, or English as a Second Language. Teaching may or may not take place in a traditional educational institution. Illustrated Example: Adult Education Teacher

25-3011

Advertising and Promotions Managers Plan and direct advertising policies and programs or produce collateral materials, such as posters, contests, coupons, or give-aways, to create extra interest in the purchase of a product or service for a department, an entire organization, or on an account basis. Illustrated Example: Campaign Director, Circulation Director, Media Director

11-2011

Advertising Sales Agents Sell or solicit advertising, including graphic art, advertising space in publications, custom made signs, or TV and radio advertising time. May obtain leases for outdoor advertising sites or persuade retailer to use sales promotion display items. Illustrated Example: Radio Time Salesperson, Yellow Pages Salesperson, Leasing Agent Outdoor Advertising

41-3011

Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians Operate, install, calibrate, and maintain integrated computer/communications systems consoles, simulators, and other data acquisition, test, and measurement instruments and equipment to launch, track, position, and evaluate air and space vehicles. May record and interpret test data. Illustrated Example: Wind Tunnel Technician, Flight Data Technician, Altitude Chamber Technician

17-3021

Aerospace Engineers Perform a variety of engineering work in designing, constructing, and testing aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft. May conduct basic and applied research to evaluate adaptability of materials and equipment to aircraft design and manufacture. May recommend improvements in testing equipment and techniques. Illustrated Example: Aerodynamicist, Flight Test Engineer, Aeronautical Engineer

17-2011

Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes Represent and promote artists, performers, and athletes to prospective employers. May handle contract negotiation and other business matters for clients. Illustrated Example: Booking Agent, Boxing Promoter, Theatrical Agent

13-1011

Agricultural and Food Science Technicians Work with agricultural scientists in food, fiber, and animal research, production, and processing; assist with animal breeding and nutrition work; under supervision, conduct tests and experiments to improve yield and quality of crops or to increase the resistance of plants and animals to disease or insects. Include technicians who assist food scientists or food technologists in the research, development, production technology, quality control, packaging, processing, and use of foods. Illustrated Example: Inseminator, Feed Research Technician, Dairy Technologist

19-4011

Agricultural Engineers Apply knowledge of engineering technology and biological science to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification, structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products. Illustrated Example: Farm Equipment Engineer, Agricultural Research Engineer

17-2021

Agricultural Equipment Operators Drive and control farm equipment to till soil and to plant, cultivate, and harvest crops. May perform tasks, such as crop baling or hay bucking. May operate stationary equipment to perform post-harvest tasks, such as husking, shelling, threshing, and ginning. Illustrated Example: Baler, Combine Operator, Tractor Driver

45-2091

Agricultural Inspectors Inspect agricultural commodities, processing equipment, and facilities, and fish and logging operations, to ensure compliance with regulations and laws governing health, quality, and safety. Illustrated Example: Cattle Examiner, Meat Grader, Grain Sampler

45-2011

Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in the agricultural sciences. Include teachers of agronomy, dairy sciences, fisheries management, horticultural sciences, poultry sciences, range management, and agricultural soil conservation. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Dairy Science Teacher, Farm Management Teacher, Agricultural Soil Conservation Teacher

25-1041

Agricultural Workers, All Other All agricultural workers not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Irrigation Worker, Livestock Showman

45-2099

Air Crew Members Perform in-flight duties to ensure the successful completion of combat, reconnaissance, transport, and search and rescue missions. Duties include operating aircraft communications and detection equipment, including establishing satellite linkages and jamming enemy communications capabilities; conducting pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight inspections of onboard equipment; operating and maintaining aircraft weapons and defensive systems; operating and maintaining aircraft in-flight refueling systems; executing aircraft safety and emergency procedures; computing and verifying passenger, cargo, fuel, and emergency and special equipment weight and balance data; and conducting cargo and personnel drops. Illustrated Example: Aerial Ice Observer Helicopter Utility Air crewperson, Airborne Radar Systems Journeyperson

55-3011

Air Crew Officers Perform and direct in-flight duties to ensure the successful completion of combat, reconnaissance, transport, and search and rescue missions. Duties include operating aircraft communications and radar equipment, such as establishing satellite linkages and jamming enemy communications capabilities; operating aircraft weapons and defensive systems; conducting pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight inspections of onboard equipment; and directing cargo and personnel drops. Illustrated Example: Airborne Antisubmarine Warfare Tactical Coordinator, Airborne Warning and Control Systems Officer

55-1011

Air Traffic Controllers Control air traffic on and within vicinity of airport and movement of air traffic between altitude sectors and control centers according to established procedures and policies. Authorize, regulate, and control commercial airline flights according to government or company regulations to expedite and ensure flight safety. Illustrated Example: Control Tower Operator, Flight Control Specialist, Flight Dispatcher

53-2021

Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors Direct ground crew in the loading, unloading, securing, and staging of aircraft cargo or baggage. Determine the quantity and orientation of cargo and compute aircraft center of gravity. May accompany aircraft as member of flight crew and monitor and handle cargo in flight, and assist and brief passengers on safety and emergency procedures. Include loadmasters. Illustrated Example:
Loadmaster, Ramp Boss, Ground Crew Supervisor

53-1011

Aircraft Launch and Recovery Officers Plan and direct the operation and maintenance of catapults, arresting gear, and associated mechanical, hydraulic, and control systems involved primarily in aircraft carrier takeoff and landing operations. Duties include supervision of readiness and safety of arresting gear, launching equipment, barricades, and visual landing aid systems; planning and coordinating the design, development, and testing of launch and recovery systems; preparing specifications for catapult and arresting gear installations; evaluating design proposals; determining handling equipment needed for new aircraft; preparing technical data and instructions for operation of landing aids; and training personnel in carrier takeoff and landing procedures. Illustrated Example: Landing Signal Officer, Catapult and Arresting Gear Officer

55-1012

Aircraft Launch and Recovery Specialists Operate and maintain catapults, arresting gear, and associated mechanical, hydraulic, and control systems involved primarily in aircraft carrier takeoff and landing operations. Duties include installing and maintaining visual landing aids; testing and maintaining launch and recovery equipment using electric and mechanical test equipment and hand tools; activating airfield arresting systems, such as crash barriers and cables, during emergency landing situations; directing aircraft launch and recovery operations using hand or light signals; and maintaining logs of airplane launches, recoveries, and equipment maintenance. Illustrated Example: Aircraft Recovery Specialist, Catapult Operator, Arresting Gear Operator

55-3012

Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul aircraft engines and assemblies, such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Include helicopter and aircraft engine specialists. Exclude "Avionics Technician" (49-2091). Illustrated Example: Aircraft Engine Specialist, Flight Test Mechanic, Airframe Mechanic

49-3011

Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers Assemble, fit, fasten, and install parts of airplanes, space vehicles, or missiles, such as tails, wings, fuselage, bulkheads, stabilizers, landing gear, rigging and control equipment, or heating and ventilating systems. Illustrated Example: Aircraft Riveter, Fuselage Framer, Skin Installer

51-2011

Airfield Operations Specialists Ensure the safe takeoff and landing of commercial and military aircraft. Duties include coordination between air-traffic control and maintenance personnel; dispatching; using airfield landing and navigational aids; implementing airfield safety procedures; monitoring and maintaining flight records; and applying knowledge of weather information. Illustrated Example: Airfield Manager, Flight Director, Flight Operations Coordinator

53-2022

Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers Pilot and navigate the flight of multi-engine aircraft in regularly scheduled service for the transport of passengers and cargo. Requires Federal Air Transport rating and certification in specific aircraft type used. Include aircraft instructors with similar certification. Illustrated Example: Airline Captain, First Officer, Flight Navigator

53-2011

Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians Drive ambulance or assist ambulance driver in transporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons. Assist in lifting patients. Illustrated Example: Patient Carrier

53-3011

Amusement and Recreation Attendants Perform variety of attending duties at amusement or recreation facility. May schedule use of recreation facilities, maintain and provide equipment to participants of sporting events or recreational pursuits, or operate amusement concessions and rides. Illustrated Example: Arcade Attendant, Golf Course Starter, Caddy

39-3091

Anesthesiologists Administer anesthetics during surgery or other medical procedures.

29-1061

Animal Breeders Breed animals, including cattle, goats, horses, sheep, swine, poultry, dogs, cats, or pet birds. Select and breed animals according to their genealogy, characteristics, and offspring. May require a knowledge of artificial insemination techniques and equipment use. May involve keeping records on heats, birth intervals, or pedigree. Exclude "Nonfarm Animal Caretakers" (39-2021) who may occasionally breed animals as part of their other caretaking duties. Exclude "Animal Scientists" (19-1011) whose primary function is research. Illustrated Example: Artificial Inseminator, Chicken Fancier, Horse Breeder

45-2021

Animal Control Workers Handle animals for the purpose of investigations of mistreatment, or control of abandoned, dangerous, or unattended animals. Illustrated Example: Animal Warden, Dog Catcher, Humane Officer

33-9011

Animal Scientists Conduct research in the genetics, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and development of domestic farm animals. Illustrated Example: Dairy Scientist, Poultry Scientist

19-1011

Animal Trainers Train animals for riding, harness, security, performance, or obedience, or assisting persons with disabilities. Accustom animals to human voice and contact; and condition animals to respond to commands. Train animals according to prescribed standards for show or competition. May train animals to carry pack loads or work as part of pack team. Illustrated Example: Dog Trainer, Horse Breaker, Lion Trainer

39-2011

Anthropologists and Archeologists Study the origin, development, and behavior of humans. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of existing people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations. Illustrated Example: Political Anthropologist

19-3091

Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in anthropology or archeology. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Paleology Teacher

25-1061

Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate Appraise real property to determine its fair value. May assess taxes in accordance with prescribed schedules. Illustrated Example: Building Appraiser, County Assessor, Property Evaluator

13-2021

Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dialogue. Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by mutual consent of parties involved. Illustrated Example: Ombudsman

23-1022

Architects, Except Landscape and Naval Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property. Illustrated Example: Architectural Designer, Building Consultant, Site Planner

17-1011

Architectural and Civil Drafters Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Utilize knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings. Illustrated Example: Structural Drafter

17-3011

Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, such as architectural environmental design, interior architecture/design, and landscape architecture. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Landscape Architecture Teacher

25-1031

Archivists Appraise, edit, and direct safekeeping of permanent records and historically valuable documents. Participate in research activities based on archival materials. Illustrated Example: Docent Coordinator

25-4011

Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses pertaining to the culture and development of an area (e.g., Latin America), an ethnic group, or any other group (e.g., women's studies, urban affairs). Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Ethnology Teacher

25-1062

Armored Assault Vehicle Crew Members Operate tanks, light armor, and amphibious assault vehicles during combat situations on land or in aquatic environments. Duties include driving armored vehicles which require specialized training; operating and maintaining targeting and firing systems; operating and maintaining advanced onboard communications and navigation equipment; transporting personnel and equipment in a combat environment; and operating and maintaining auxiliary weapons, including machine guns and grenade launchers. Illustrated Example: Tank Crewperson, Assault Amphibious Vehicle Crewperson, Infantry Fighting Vehicle Crewperson

55-3013

Armored Assault Vehicle Officers Direct the operation of tanks, light armor, and amphibious assault vehicle units during combat situations on land or in aquatic environments. Duties include directing crew members in the operation of targeting and firing systems; coordinating the operation of advanced onboard communications and navigation equipment; directing the transport of personnel and equipment during combat; formulating and implementing battle plans, including the tactical employment of armored vehicle units; and coordinating with infantry, artillery, and air support units. Illustrated Example: Armor Platoon Leader, Cavalry Officer, Assault Amphibious Vehicle Officer

55-1013

Art Directors Formulate design concepts and presentation approaches, and direct workers engaged in art work, layout design, and copy writing for visual communications media, such as magazines, books, newspapers, and packaging.

27-1011

Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in drama, music, and the arts including fine and applied art, such as painting and sculpture, or design and crafts. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Photography Teacher, Piano Teacher, Music Director

25-1121

Artillery and Missile Crew Members Target, fire, and maintain weapons used to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Field artillery crew members predominantly use guns, cannons, and howitzers in ground combat operations, while air defense artillery crew members predominantly use missiles and rockets. Naval artillery crew members predominantly use torpedoes and missiles launched from a ship or submarine. Duties include testing, inspecting, and storing ammunition, missiles, and torpedoes; conducting preventive and routine maintenance on weapons and related equipment; establishing and maintaining radio and wire communications; and operating weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. Illustrated Example: Field Artillery Cannoneer, Torpedoperson's Mate

55-3014

Artillery and Missile Officers Manage personnel and weapons operations to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Duties include planning, targeting, and coordinating the tactical deployment of field artillery and air defense artillery missile systems units; directing the establishment and operation of fire control communications systems; targeting and launching intercontinental ballistic missiles; directing the storage and handling of nuclear munitions and components; overseeing security of weapons storage and launch facilities; and managing maintenance of weapons systems. Illustrated Example: Field Artillery Battery Commander, Naval Surface Fire Support Planner, Air Defense Control Officer

55-1014

Artists and Related Workers, All Other All artists and related workers not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Art Appraiser, Calligrapher, Inker and Opaquer

27-1019

Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other All assemblers and fabricators not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Barrel Raiser, Automobile Assembler, except engines, Doll Maker

51-2099

Astronomers Observe, research, and interpret celestial and astronomical phenomena to increase basic knowledge and apply such information to practical problems.

19-2011

Athletes and Sports Competitors Compete in athletic events. Illustrated Example: Ball Player, Jockey, Racing Car Driver

27-2021

Athletic Trainers Evaluate, advise, and treat athletes to assist recovery from injury, avoid injury, or maintain peak physical fitness.

29-9091

Atmospheric and Space Scientists Investigate atmospheric phenomena and interpret meteorological data gathered by surface and air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare reports and forecasts for public and other uses. Include weather analysts and forecasters whose functions require the detailed knowledge of a meteorologist. Illustrated Example: Climatologist, Meteorologist, Weather Forecaster

19-2021

Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in the physical sciences, except chemistry and physics. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Climatology Teacher, Geology Teacher, Oceanography Teacher

25-1051

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians Set up or set up and operate audio and video equipment including microphones, sound speakers, video screens, projectors, video monitors, recording equipment, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, and related electronic equipment for concerts, sports events, meetings and conventions, presentations, and news conferences. May also set up and operate associated spotlights and other custom lighting systems. Exclude "Sound Engineering Technicians" (27-4014). Illustrated Example: Video Control Operator, Audio Visual Production Specialist

27-4011

Audiologists Assess and treat persons with hearing and related disorders. May fit hearing aids and provide auditory training. May perform research related to hearing problems. Illustrated Example: Hearing Therapist

29-1121

Audio-Visual Collections Specialists Prepare, plan, and operate audio-visual teaching aids for use in education. May record, catalogue, and file audio-visual materials.

25-9011

Automotive Body and Related Repairers Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and straighten vehicle frames. Exclude "Painters, Transportation Equipment" (51-9122) and "Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers" (49-3022). Illustrated Example: Auto Body Customizer, Collision Mechanic, Frame Straightener

49-3021

Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers Replace or repair broken windshields and window glass in motor vehicles. Illustrated Example: Auto Glass Mechanic, Windshield Installer, Auto Glass Fitter

49-3022

Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul automotive vehicles. Exclude "Automotive Body and Related Repairers" (49-3021), "Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists" (49-3031), and "Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles" (49-2096). Illustrated Example: Auto Brake Mechanic, Fuel Injection Servicer, Auto Transmission Specialist

49-3023

Avionics Technicians Install, inspect, test, adjust, or repair avionics equipment, such as radar, radio, navigation, and missile control systems in aircraft or space vehicles. Illustrated Example: Aircraft Electrician, Automatic Pilot Mechanic, Missile Facilities Repairer

49-2091

Baggage Porters and Bellhops Handle baggage for travelers at transportation terminals or for guests at hotels or similar establishments. Illustrated Example: Baggage Handler, Lobby Porter, Skycap

39-6011

Bailiffs Maintain order in courts of law. Illustrated Example: Court Officer, Sergeant at Arms

33-3011

Bakers Mix and bake ingredients according to recipes to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other baked goods. Include pastry chefs in restaurants and hotels with "Chefs and Head Cooks" (35-1011). Illustrated Example: Cake Maker, Head Baker, Pastry Finisher

51-3011

Barbers Provide barbering services, such as cutting, trimming, shampooing, and styling hair, trimming beards, or giving shaves. Illustrated Example: Barber Apprentice, Hair Cutter

39-5011

Bartenders Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff. Illustrated Example: Barkeeper, Taproom Attendant

35-3011

Bicycle Repairers Repair and service bicycles. Illustrated Example: Bicycle Mechanic

49-3091

Bill and Account Collectors Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visit to solicit payment. Duties include receiving payment and posting amount to customer's account; preparing statements to credit department if customer fails to respond; initiating repossession proceedings or service disconnection; keeping records of collection and status of accounts. Illustrated Example: Payment Collector, Collection Clerk, Installment Agent

43-3011

Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods. Illustrated Example: Calculating Machine Operator, Invoice Control Clerk, Rating Clerk

43-3021

Bindery Workers Set up or operate binding machines that produce books and other printed materials. Include hand bindery workers. Exclude "Bookbinders" (51-5012). Illustrated Example: Book Coverer, Stitching Machine Operator, Bookbinding Machine Operator

51-5011

Biochemists and Biophysicists Study the chemical composition and physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.

19-1021

Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in biological sciences. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Bacteriology Teacher, Biochemistry Teacher, Genetics Teacher

25-1042

Biological Scientists, All Other All biological scientists not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Geneticist, Paleobotanist, Plant Taxonomist

19-1029

Biological Technicians Assist biological and medical scientists in laboratories. Set up, operate, and maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, monitor experiments, make observations, and calculate and record results. May analyze organic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs. Illustrated Example: Biotechnologist, Wildlife Technician Specimen Technician

19-4021

Biomedical Engineers Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and heath management and care delivery systems. Illustrated Example: Orthopedic Designer

17-2031

Boilermakers Construct, assemble, maintain, and repair stationary steam boilers and boiler house auxiliaries. Align structures or plate sections to assemble boiler frame tanks or vats, following blueprints. Work involves use of hand and power tools, plumb bobs, levels, wedges, dogs, or turnbuckles. Assist in testing assembled vessels. Direct cleaning of boilers and boiler furnaces. Inspect and repair boiler fittings, such as safety valves, regulators, automatic-control mechanisms, water columns, and auxiliary machines. Illustrated Example: Boiler Installer, Boiler Mechanic, Pressure Tester

47-2011

Bookbinders Perform highly skilled hand finishing operations, such as grooving and lettering to bind books. Illustrated Example: Book Finisher, Book Mender

51-5012

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers. Illustrated Example: Accounts Receivable Clerk, Ledger Clerk, Voucher Examiner

43-3031

Brickmasons and Blockmasons Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, structural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and terra-cotta block, with mortar and other substances to construct or repair walls, partitions, arches, sewers, and other structures. Exclude "Stonemasons" (47-2022). Classify installers of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units in "Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers" (37-3011). Illustrated Example: Adobe Layer, Chimney Builder, Furnace Liner

47-2021

Bridge and Lock Tenders Operate and tend bridges, canal locks, and lighthouses to permit marine passage on inland waterways, near shores, and at danger points in waterway passages. May supervise such operations. Include drawbridge operators, lock tenders and operators, and slip bridge operators. Illustrated Example: Drawbridge Operator, Lighthouse Keeper, Lock Master

53-6011

Broadcast News Analysts Analyze, interpret, and broadcast news received from various sources. Illustrated Example: News Anchor, Commentator, Newscaster

27-3021

Broadcast Technicians Set up, operate, and maintain the electronic equipment used to transmit radio and television programs. Control audio equipment to regulate volume level and quality of sound during radio and television broadcasts. Operate radio transmitter to broadcast radio and television programs. Illustrated Example: Control Room Technician, Audio Engineer

27-4012

Brokerage Clerks Perform clerical duties involving the purchase or sale of securities. Duties include writing orders for stock purchases and sales, computing transfer taxes, verifying stock transactions, accepting and delivering securities, tracking stock price fluctuations, computing equity, distributing dividends, and keeping records of daily transactions and holdings. Illustrated Example: Portfolio Assistant, Dividend Clerk, Telephone Quotation Clerk

43-4011

Budget Analysts Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports for the purpose of maintaining expenditure controls. Illustrated Example: Budget Examiner, Fiscal Agent, Fiscal Officer

13-2031

Building Cleaning Workers, All Other All building cleaning workers not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Chimney Sweep, Air Purifier Servicer

37-2019

Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul trucks, buses, and all types of diesel engines. Include mechanics working primarily with automobile diesel engines. Illustrated Example: Tractor Trailer Mechanic, Diesel Mechanic, Farm Equipment Engine Mechanic

49-3031

Bus Drivers, School Transport students or special clients, such as the elderly or persons with disabilities. Ensure adherence to safety rules. May assist passengers in boarding or exiting. Illustrated Example:

53-3022

Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations, charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets. Illustrated Example: Motor Coach Operator, Jitney Driver

53-3021

Business Operations Specialists, All Other All business operations specialists not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Grant Coordinator, Liaison Officer, Purser

13-1199

Business Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in business administration and management, such as accounting, finance, human resources, labor relations, marketing, and operations research. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Accounting Teacher, Marketing Teacher, Shorthand Teacher

25-1011

Butchers and Meat Cutters Cut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for use or sale in retail establishments. Illustrated Example: Carver, Meat Department Manager, Cleaver

51-3021

Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters Cut, shape, and assemble wooden articles or set up and operate a variety of woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, and mortisers to surface, cut, or shape lumber or to fabricate parts for wood products. Exclude "Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders" (51-7041 through 51-7042) who specialize in one or a limited number of machine phases. Illustrated Example: Marquetry Worker, Antique Furniture Repairer, Wood Machinist

51-7011

Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers Repair and adjust cameras and photographic equipment, including commercial video and motion picture camera equipment. Illustrated Example: Camera Machinist, Photographic Equipment Technician

49-9061

Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture Operate television, video, or motion picture camera to photograph images or scenes for various purposes, such as TV broadcasts, advertising, video production, or motion pictures. Illustrated Example: Cinematographer

27-4031

Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels Command or supervise operations of ships and water vessels, such as tugboats and ferryboats, that travel into and out of harbors, estuaries, straits, and sounds and on rivers, lakes, bays, and oceans. Required to hold license issued by U.S. Coast Guard. Exclude "Motorboat Operators" (53-5022). Illustrated Example: Barge Captain, Deck Officer, Tugboat Operator

53-5021

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary-functions, lung capacity, and similar tests. Include vascular technologists. Illustrated Example: Cardiographer, Cardiopulmonary Technologist, E.K.G. Technician

29-2031

Cargo and Freight Agents Expedite and route movement of incoming and outgoing cargo and freight shipments in airline, train, and trucking terminals, and shipping docks. Take orders from customers and arrange pickup of freight and cargo for delivery to loading platform. Prepare and examine bills of lading to determine shipping charges and tariffs. Illustrated Example: Routing Agent, Shipping Agent

43-5011

Carpenters Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall and batt or roll insulation. Include brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways to control the proper circulation of air through the passageways and to the working places. Illustrated Example: Shipwright, Cabinetmaker, Wood Floor Layer

47-2031

Carpet Installers Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials. Exclude "Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles" (47-2042). Illustrated Example: Floor Coverer, Rug Layer

47-2041

Cartographers and Photogrammetrists Collect, analyze, and interpret geographic information provided by geodetic surveys, aerial photographs, and satellite data. Research, study, and prepare maps and other spatial data in digital or graphic form for legal, social, political, educational, and design purposes. May work with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). May design and evaluate algorithms, data structures, and user interfaces for GIS and mapping systems. Illustrated Example: Field Map Editor, Mapper, Topographer

17-1021

Cashiers Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. Usually involves use of electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. Often involved in processing credit or debit card transactions and validating checks. Illustrated Example: Auction Clerk, Toll Collector, Disbursement Clerk

41-2011

Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; use saws to cut expansion joints. Classify installers of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units in "Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers. (37-3011). Illustrated Example: Curb Builder, Concrete Floor Installer

47-2051

Cementing and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders Operate or tend cementing and gluing machines to join items for further processing or to form a completed product. Processes include joining veneer sheets into plywood; gluing paper; joining rubber and rubberized fabric parts, plastic, simulated leather, or other materials. Exclude "Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders" (51-6042). Illustrated Example: Bonding Molder, Paper Sealer, Taper Operator

51-9191

Chefs and Head Cooks Direct the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts. May participate in cooking. Illustrated Example: Executive Chef, Pastry Chef, Sous Chef

35-1011

Chemical Engineers Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, by applying principles and technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering. Illustrated Example: Absorption and Adsorption Engineer, Explosives Engineer, Fuels Engineer

17-2041

Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders Operate or tend equipment to control chemical changes or reactions in the processing of industrial or consumer products. Equipment used includes devulcanizers, steam-jacketed kettles, and reactor vessels. Exclude "Chemical Plant and System Operators" (51-8091). Illustrated Example: Acetylene Plant Operator, Acid Purifier, Caustic Purification Operator

51-9011

Chemical Plant and System Operators Control or operate an entire chemical process or system of machines. Illustrated Example: Denitrator, Nitrogen Operator, Wash Operator

51-8091

Chemical Technicians Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials for purposes, such as research and development of new products or processes, quality control, maintenance of environmental standards, and other work involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences. Illustrated Example: Assayer, Fiber Analyst, Paint Tester

19-4031

Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses pertaining to the chemical and physical properties and compositional changes of substances. Work may include instruction in the methods of qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Exclude "Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary" (25-1042) who teach biochemistry. Illustrated Example: Food Technology Teacher, Pharmacognosy Teacher

25-1052

Chemists Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or chemical experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. Exclude "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers" (19-2042) and "Biochemists and Biophysicists" (19-1021). Illustrated Example: Inorganic Chemist, Chemical Analyst

19-2031

Chief Executives Determine and formulate policies and provide the overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within the guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers. Illustrated Example: Board Member, Chief Operating Officer, President

11-1011

Child Care Workers Attend to children at schools, businesses, private households, and child care institutions. Perform a variety of tasks, such as dressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing play. Exclude "Preschool Teachers" (25-2011) and "Teacher Assistants" (25-9041). Illustrated Example: Baby Sitter, Governess, Nanny

39-9011

Child, Family, and School Social Workers Provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of children. May assist single parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise teachers on how to deal with problem children. Illustrated Example: Adoption Agent, Child Abuse Worker, Foster Care Worker

21-1021

Chiropractors Adjust spinal column and other articulations of the body to correct abnormalities of the human body believed to be caused by interference with the nervous system. Examine patient to determine nature and extent of disorder. Manipulate spine or other involved area. May utilize supplementary measures, such as exercise, rest, water, light, heat, and nutritional therapy.

29-1011

Choreographers Create and teach dance. May direct and stage presentations. Illustrated Example: Dance Director

27-2032

Civil Engineering Technicians Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists. Illustrated Example: Highway Technician

17-3022

Civil Engineers Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, water and sewage systems, and waste disposal units. Include architectural, structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technical engineers. Exclude "Hydrologists" (19-2043). Illustrated Example: Bridge Engineer, Construction Engineer, Concrete Engineer

17-2051

Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements have been made in accordance with company practices and procedures, ensuring that proper methods have been followed. Report overpayments, underpayments, and other irregularities. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. Illustrated Example: Health Insurance Adjuster, Arson Investigator, Claims Agent

13-1031

Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment Wash or otherwise clean vehicles, machinery, and other equipment. Use such materials as water, cleaning agents, brushes, cloths, and hoses. Exclude "Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners" (37-2011). Illustrated Example: Barrel Washer, Auto Detailer, Machine Cleaner

53-7061

Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders Operate or tend machines to wash or clean products, such as barrels or kegs, glass items, tin plate, food, pulp, coal, plastic, or rubber, to remove impurities. Illustrated Example: Acid Dipper, Degreaser Operator, Pulp Bleacher

51-9192

Clergy Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination. Provide spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to members. Illustrated Example: Bishop, Parish Priest, Rabbi

21-2011

Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists Diagnose and treat mental disorders; learning disabilities; and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems using individual, child, family, and group therapies. May design and implement behavior modification programs. Illustrated Example: Vocational Psychologist, Child Psychologist

19-3031

Coaches and Scouts Instruct or coach groups or individuals in the fundamentals of sports. Demonstrate techniques and methods of participation. May evaluate athletes' strengths and weaknesses as possible recruits or to improve the athletes' technique to prepare them for competition. Those required to hold teaching degrees should be reported in the appropriate teaching category. Exclude "Athletic Trainers" (29-9091). Illustrated Example: Boxing Trainer, Horse Trainer, Baseball Club Manager

27-2022

Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders Set up, operate, or tend machines to coat or paint any of a wide variety of products including food, glassware, cloth, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, with lacquer, silver, copper, rubber, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, or rust-proofing materials. Exclude "Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic" (51-4193) and "Painters, Transportation Equipment" (51-9122). Illustrated Example: Electrostatic Paint Operator, Silvering Applicator, Supercalender Operator

51-9121

Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers Wind wire coils used in electrical components, such as resistors and transformers, and in electrical equipment and instruments, such as field cores, bobbins, armature cores, electrical motors, generators, and control equipment. Illustrated Example: Coil Builder, Motor Winder, Wire Coiler

51-2021

Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers Install, service, adjust, or repair coin, vending, or amusement machines including video games, juke boxes, pinball machines, or slot machines. Illustrated Example: Cigarette Machine Mechanic, Slot Machine Mechanic, Video Game Mechanic

49-9091

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Perform duties which combine both food preparation and food service. Illustrated Example: Caterers Aide, Deli Clerk, Mess Attendant

35-3021

Command and Control Center Officers Manage the operation of communications, detection, and weapons systems essential for controlling air, ground, and naval operations. Duties include managing critical communication links between air, naval, and ground forces; formulating and implementing emergency plans for natural and wartime disasters; coordinating emergency response teams and agencies; evaluating command center information and need for high-level military and government reporting; managing the operation of surveillance and detection systems; providing technical information and advice on capabilities and operational readiness; and directing operation of weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. Illustrated Example: Combat Information Center Officer, Air Support Control Officer, Combat Control Officer

55-1015

Command and Control Center Specialists Operate and monitor communications, detection, and weapons systems essential for controlling air, ground, and naval operations. Duties include maintaining and relaying critical communications between air, naval, and ground forces; implementing emergency plans for natural and wartime disasters; relaying command center information to high-level military and government decision makers; monitoring surveillance and detection systems, such as air defense; interpreting and evaluating tactical situations and making recommendations to superiors; and operating weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. Illustrated Example: Tactical Air Defense Controller, Early Warning System Operator, Command and Control Journeyperson

55-3015

Commercial and Industrial Designers Develop and design manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design. Illustrated Example: Body Stylist, Color Consultant, Jewelry Designer

27-1021

Commercial Divers Work below surface of water, using scuba gear to inspect, repair, remove, or install equipment and structures. May use a variety of power and hand tools, such as drills, sledgehammers, torches, and welding equipment. May conduct tests or experiments, rig explosives, or photograph structures or marine life. Exclude "Fishers and Related Fishing Workers" (45-3011), "Athletes and Sports Competitors" (27-2021), and "Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers" (33-3051). Illustrated Example: Marine Diver, Scuba Diver, Skin Diver

49-9092

Commercial Pilots Pilot and navigate the flight of small fixed or rotary winged aircraft, primarily for the transport of cargo and passengers. Requires Commercial Rating. Include aircraft instructors with similar certification. Illustrated Example: Crop Duster, Helicopter Pilot, Test Pilot

53-2012

Communications Equipment Operators, All Other All communications equipment operators not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Telegraph Operator

43-2099

Communications Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in communications, such as organizational communications, public relations, radio/television broadcasting, and journalism. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Journalism Teacher, Public Speaking Teacher

25-1122

Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other All community and social service specialists not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Community Organization Worker, Veteran's Service Officer

21-1099

Compensation and Benefits Managers Plan, direct, or coordinate compensation and benefits activities and staff of an organization. Include job analysis and position description managers. Illustrated Example: Employee Benefits Director, Job Analysis Manager, Wage and Salary Administrator

11-3041

Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and job analysis for employer. May specialize in specific areas, such as position classification and pension programs. Illustrated Example: Occupational Analyst, Relocation Director, Wage Conciliator

13-1072

Compliance Officers, Except Agriculture, Construction, Health and Safety, and Transportation Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and other compliance and enforcement inspection activities not classified elsewhere. Exclude "Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents" (13-2081) and "Financial Examiners" (13-2061). Illustrated Example: Truant Officer, Coroner, Inspector of Weights and Measures

13-1041

Computer and Information Scientists, Research Conduct research into fundamental computer and information science as theorists, designers, or inventors. Solve or develop solutions to problems in the field of computer hardware and software.

15-1011

Computer and Information Systems Managers Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming. Exclude "Computer Specialists" (15-1011 through 15-1099). Illustrated Example: Data Processing Manager, Computer Programming Manager, Data Systems Manager

11-3021

Computer Hardware Engineers Research, design, develop, and test computer or computer-related equipment for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. May supervise the manufacturing and installation of computer or computer-related equipment and components. Exclude "Computer Software Engineers, Applications" (15-1031) and "Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software" (15-1032).

17-2061

Computer Operators Monitor and control electronic computer and peripheral electronic data processing equipment to process business, scientific, engineering, and other data according to operating instructions. May enter commands at a computer terminal and set controls on computer and peripheral devices. Monitor and respond to operating and error messages. Exclude "Data Entry Keyers" (43-9021). Illustrated Example: Console
Operator, Data Processing Clerk, Peripheral Equipment Operator

43-9011

Computer Programmers Convert project specifications and statements of problems and procedures to detailed logical flow charts for coding into computer language. Develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information. May program web sites. Illustrated Example: Computer Programmer Aide, Mainframe Programmer, Systems Programmer

15-1021

Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in computer science. May specialize in a field of computer science, such as the design and function of computers or operations and research analysis. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research.

25-1021

Computer Software Engineers, Applications Develop, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design software or customize software for client use with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and design databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team. Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers" (17-2061). Illustrated Example: Applications Developer, Programmer Analyst, Software Designer

15-1031

Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software Research, design, develop, and test operating systems-level software, compilers, and network distribution software for medical, industrial, military, communications, aerospace, business, scientific, and general computing applications. Set operational specifications and formulate and analyze software requirements. Apply principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis. Illustrated Example: EDP Systems Engineers

15-1032

Computer Specialists, All Other All computer specialists not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Computer Laboratory Technician

15-1099

Computer Support Specialists Provide technical assistance to computer system users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone or from remote location. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems. Exclude "Network and Computer Systems Administrators" (15-1071). Illustrated Example: Customer Support Analyst, Help Desk Technician, Work Station Support Specialist

15-1041

Computer Systems Analysts Analyze science, engineering, business, and all other data processing problems for application to electronic data processing systems. Analyze user requirements, procedures, and problems to automate or improve existing systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software. Exclude persons working primarily as "Engineers" (17-2011 through 17-2199), "Mathematicians" (15-2021), or "Scientists" (19-1011 through 19-3099). May supervise computer programmers. Illustrated Example: Health Systems Computer Analyst, Data Processing Systems Project Planner, Information Systems Consultant

15-1051

Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers Repair, maintain, or install computers, word processing systems, automated teller machines, and electronic office machines, such as duplicating and fax machines. Illustrated Example: ATM Specialist, Cash Register Servicer, Computer Installer

49-2011

Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic Operate computer-controlled machines or robots to perform one or more machine functions on metal or plastic work pieces. Illustrated Example: Numerical Control Machine Operator, Robot Operator

51-4011

Concierges Assist patrons at hotel, apartment or office building with personal services. May take messages, arrange or give advice on transportation, business services or entertainment, or monitor guest requests for housekeeping and maintenance.

39-6012

Conservation Scientists Manage, improve, and protect natural resources to maximize their use without damaging the environment. May conduct soil surveys and develop plans to eliminate soil erosion or to protect rangelands from fire and rodent damage. May instruct farmers, agricultural production managers, or ranchers in best ways to use crop rotation, contour plowing, or terracing to conserve soil and water; in the number and kind of livestock and forage plants best suited to particular ranges; and in range and farm improvements, such as fencing and reservoirs for stock watering. Exclude "Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists" (19-1023) and "Foresters" (19-1032). Illustrated Example: Range Manager, Conservation Officer

19-1031

Construction and Building Inspectors Inspect structures using engineering skills to determine structural soundness and compliance with specifications, building codes, and other regulations. Inspections may be general in nature or may be limited to a specific area, such as electrical systems or plumbing. Illustrated Example: Highway Inspector, Electrical Inspector, Architectural Inspector

47-4011

Construction and Related Workers, All Other All construction and related workers not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Aluminum Pool Installer, Building Wrecker, Waterproofer

47-4099

Construction Laborers Perform tasks involving physical labor at building, highway, and heavy construction projects, tunnel and shaft excavations, and demolition sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, clean up rubble and debris, and remove asbestos, lead, and other hazardous waste materials. May assist other craft workers. Exclude construction laborers who primarily assist a particular craft worker, and classify them under "Helpers, Construction Trades" (47-3011 through 47-3016). Illustrated Example: Air Hammer Operator, Asphalt Patcher, Construction Craft Laborer

47-2061

Construction Managers Plan, direct, coordinate, or budget, usually through subordinate supervisory personnel, activities concerned with the construction and maintenance of structures, facilities, and systems. Participate in the conceptual development of a construction project and oversee its organization, scheduling, and implementation. Include specialized construction fields, such as carpentry or plumbing. Include general superintendents, project managers, and constructors who manage, coordinate, and supervise the construction process. Illustrated Example: Masonry Contractor Administrator, Developer, General Contractor

11-9021

Continuous Mining Machine Operators Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the face and load it onto conveyors or into shuttle cars in a continuous operation.

47-5041

Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door Install, repair, and maintain mechanical regulating and controlling devices, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety and flow valves, and other mechanical governors. Illustrated Example: Electric Meter Installer, Gas Meter Prover, Thermostat Repairer

49-9012

Conveyor Operators and Tenders Control or tend conveyors or conveyor systems that move materials or products to and from stockpiles, processing stations, departments, or vehicles. May control speed and routing of materials or products. Illustrated Example: Belt Tender, Grain Elevator Operator

53-7011

Cooks, All Other All cooks not listed separately.

35-2019

Cooks, Fast Food Prepare and cook food in a fast food restaurant with a limited menu. Duties of the cooks are limited to preparation of a few basic items and normally involve operating large-volume single-purpose cooking equipment. Illustrated Example: Fry Cook, Pizza Maker

35-2011

Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias. Illustrated Example: Camp Cook, Mess Cook, Galley Cook

35-2012

Cooks, Private Household Prepare meals in private homes.

35-2013

Cooks, Restaurant Prepare, season, and cook soups, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foodstuffs in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu. Illustrated Example: Broiler Cook, Specialty Foreign Food Cook, Garde-manger

35-2014

Cooks, Short Order Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. Exclude "Fast Food Cooks" (35-2011). Illustrated Example: Barbecue Cook, Griddle Cook

35-2015

Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators, and Tenders Operate or tend equipment, such as cooling and freezing units, refrigerators, batch freezers, and freezing tunnels, to cool or freeze products, food, blood plasma, and chemicals. Illustrated Example: Chiller Tender, Ice Maker, Refrigerating Machine Operator

51-9193

Correctional Officers and Jailers Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institution in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Include deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions. Illustrated Example: Convict Guard, Custodial Officer, Prison Guard

33-3012

Correspondence Clerks Compose letters in reply to requests for merchandise, damage claims, credit and other information, delinquent accounts, incorrect billings, or unsatisfactory services. Duties may include gathering data to formulate reply and typing correspondence. Illustrated Example: Collection Correspondent, Fan Mail Editor

43-4021

Cost Estimators Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, construction projects, or services to aid management in bidding on or determining price of product or service. May specialize according to particular service performed or type of product manufactured. Illustrated Example: Construction Estimator, Crating and Moving Estimator, Job Estimator

13-1051

Costume Attendants Select, fit, and take care of costumes for cast members, and aid entertainers. Illustrated Example: Wardrobe Custodian, Dresser

39-3092

Counselors, All Other All counselors not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Mental Hygienist, Race Relations Adviser

21-1019

Counter and Rental Clerks Receive orders for repairs, rentals, and services. May describe available options, compute cost, and accept payment. Illustrated Example: Airplane-Charter Clerk, Car Rental Agent, Skate Shop Attendant

41-2021

Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession and Coffee Shop Serve food to diners at counter or from a steam table. Include counter attendants who also wait tables with "Waiters and Waitresses" (35-3031). Illustrated Example: Canteen Operator, Snack Bar Attendant Hot Dog Attendant

35-3022

Couriers and Messengers Pick up and carry messages, documents, packages, and other items between offices or departments within an establishment or to other business concerns, traveling by foot, bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, or public conveyance. Exclude "Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services" (53-3033). Illustrated Example: Message Delivery Clerk, Telegraph Messenger

43-5021

Court Reporters Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Include stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers. Illustrated Example: Court Transcriber, Stenocaptioner, Mask Reporter

23-2091

Court, Municipal and License Clerks Perform clerical duties in courts of law, municipalities, and governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; record data, administer tests, or collect fees. Include chief clerks with "Managers, All Other" (11-9199). Illustrated Example: Circuit Court Clerk, Warrant Clerk

43-4031

Craft Artists Create or reproduce hand-made objects for sale and exhibition using a variety of techniques, such as welding, weaving, pottery, and needlecraft. Illustrated Example: Architectural Modeler, Furniture Reproducer, Ivory Carver

27-1012

Crane and Tower Operators Operate mechanical boom and cable or tower and cable equipment to lift and move materials, machines, or products in many directions. Exclude "Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators" (53-7032). Illustrated Example: Boomswing Operator, Cherry Picker Operator, Scrap Drop Operator

53-7021

Credit Analysts Analyze current credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare reports with this credit information for use in decision-making. Illustrated Example: Credit Negotiator, Escrow Representative, Factorer

13-2041

Credit Authorizers, Checkers and Clerks Authorize credit charges against customers' accounts. Investigate history and credit standing of individuals or business establishments applying for credit. May interview applicants to obtain personal and financial data; determine credit worthiness; process applications; and notify customers of acceptance or rejection of credit. Illustrated Example: Credit Interviewer, Credit Rating Inspector, Loan Adjuster

43-4041

Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in criminal justice, corrections, and law enforcement administration. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Criminology Teacher, Penology Teacher

25-1111

Crossing Guards Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as streets, schools, railroad crossings, or construction sites. Illustrated Example: Flagger, Gate Operator, School Patrol

33-9091

Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber. Illustrated Example: Beveling and Edging Machine Operator, Pulverizer Operator, Sand Blast Operator, Except Construction

51-9021

Curators Administer affairs of museum and conduct research programs. Direct instructional, research, and public service activities of institution. Illustrated Example: Art Gallery Director, Museum Director

25-4012

Customer Service Representatives Interact with customers to provide information in response to inquiries about products and services and to handle and resolve complaints. Exclude individuals whose duties are primarily sales or repair. Illustrated Example: Complaint Adjuster, Passenger Relations Representative, Telephone Service Adviser

43-4051

Cutters and Trimmers, Hand Use hand tools or hand-held power tools to cut and trim a variety of manufactured items, such as carpet, fabric, stone, glass, or rubber. Illustrated Example: Buttonhole Maker, Fur Trimmer, Thread Clipper

51-9031

Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material. Exclude "Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders" (51-7041 through 51-7042), "Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic" (51-4031), and "Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders" (51-6062). Illustrated Example: Bias Machine Operator, Shear Operator, Slate Trimmer

51-9032

Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material. Illustrated Example: Perforator Operator, Crimping Machine Operator, Four Slide Machine Setter

51-4031

Dancers Perform dances. May also sing or act.

27-2031

Data Entry Keyers Operate data entry device, such as keyboard or photo composing perforator. Duties may include verifying data and preparing materials for printing. Exclude "Word Processors and Typists" (43-9022). Illustrated Example: Keypunch Operator, Data Typist

43-9021

Database Administrators Coordinate changes to computer databases, test and implement the database applying knowledge of database management systems. May plan, coordinate, and implement security measures to safeguard computer databases. Illustrated Example: Automatic Data Processing Planner, Data Base Design Analyst, Database Security Administrator

15-1061

Demonstrators and Product Promoters Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the purpose of creating public interest in buying the product. May sell demonstrated merchandise. Illustrated Example: Home Demonstrator, Exhibit-Display Representative

41-9011

Dental Assistants Assist dentist, set up patient and equipment, and keep records.

31-9091

Dental Hygienists Clean teeth and examine oral areas, head, and neck for signs of oral disease. May educate patients on oral hygiene, take and develop X-rays, or apply fluoride or sealants. Illustrated Example: Oral Hygienist

29-2021

Dental Laboratory Technicians Construct and repair full or partial dentures or dental appliances. Exclude "Dental Assistants" (31-9091). Illustrated Example: Ceramist, Crown and Bridge Technician, Orthodontic Technician

51-9081

Dentists, All Other Specialists All dentists not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Endodontist, Periodontist, Oral Pathologist

29-1029

Dentists, General Diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums and related oral structures. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting vitality of teeth. Exclude "Prosthodontists" (29-1024), "Orthodontists" (29-1023), "Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons" (29-1022) and "Dentists, all other specialists" (29-1029)

29-1021

Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas Rig derrick equipment and operate pumps to circulate mud through drill hole. Illustrated Example: Rotary Derrick Operator, Well Service Derrick Worker

47-5011

Designers, All Other All designers not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Copyist, Frame Stylist

27-1029

Desktop Publishers Format typescript and graphic elements using computer software to produce publication-ready material. Illustrated Example: Computer Compositor, Electronic Pagination System Operator, Page Makeup System Operator

43-9031

Detectives and Criminal Investigators Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of Federal, State, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes. Exclude "Private Detectives and Investigators" (33-9021). Illustrated Example: Police Inspector, Deputy United States Marshal, Narcotics Agent

33-3021

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by physicians. Illustrated Example: Ultrasonic Tester, Ultrasound Technologist

29-2032

Dietetic Technicians Assist dietitians in the provision of food service and nutritional programs. Under the supervision of dietitians, may plan and produce meals based on established guidelines, teach principles of food and nutrition, or counsel individuals.

29-2051

Dietitians and Nutritionists Plan and conduct food service or nutritional programs to assist in the promotion of health and control of disease. May supervise activities of a department providing quantity food services, counsel individuals, or conduct nutritional research. Illustrated Example: Public Health Dietitian, Nutrition Director, Research Dietitian

29-1031

Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers Facilitate food service. Clean tables, carry dirty dishes, replace soiled table linens; set tables; replenish supply of clean linens, silverware, glassware, and dishes; supply service bar with food, and serve water, butter, and coffee to patrons. Illustrated Example: Busser, Lunchroom Attendant, Tray Setter

35-9011

Directors, Religious Activities and Education Direct and coordinate activities of a denominational group to meet religious needs of students. Plan, direct, or coordinate church school programs designed to promote religious education among church membership. May provide counseling and guidance relative to marital, health, financial, and religious problems. Illustrated Example: Director of Religious Education, Minister of Education, Youth Director

21-2021

Dishwashers Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils. Illustrated Example: Kitchen Cleaner, Glass Washer, Pot Washer

35-9021

Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance Schedule and dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles for conveyance of materials, freight, or passengers, or for normal installation, service, or emergency repairs rendered outside the place of business. Duties may include using radio, telephone, or computer to transmit assignments and compiling statistics and reports on work progress. Illustrated Example: Security Dispatcher, Repair Service Dispatcher, Taxicab Dispatcher

43-5032

Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers Sell goods or services door-to-door or on the street. Illustrated Example: Peddler, Direct Selling

41-9091

Drafters, All Other All drafters not listed separately. Illustrated Example: Geological Drafter, Hull Drafter

17-3019

Dredge Operators Operate dredge to remove sand, gravel, or other materials from lakes, rivers, or streams; and to excavate and maintain navigable channels in waterways. Illustrated Example: Dredger

53-7031

Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic Set up, operate, or tend drilling machines to drill, bore, ream, mill, or countersink metal or plastic work pieces. Illustrated Example: Drill Press Operator, Jewel Cupping Machine Operator, Reaming Press Operator

51-4032

Driver/Sales Workers Drive truck or other vehicle over established routes or within an established territory and sell goods, such as food products, including restaurant take-out items, or pick up and deliver items, such as laundry. May also take orders and collect payments. Include newspaper delivery drivers. Exclude "Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services" (53-3033) and "Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers" (49-9091). Illustrated Example: Bakery Delivery Person, Milk Delivery Person, Bread Distributor

53-3031

Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or interior walls of buildings. Apply or mount acoustical tiles or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials to ceilings and walls of buildings to reduce or reflect sound. Materials may be of decorative quality. Include lathers who fasten wooden, metal, or rockboard lath to walls, ceilings or partitions of buildings to provide support base for plaster, fire-proofing, or acoustical material. Exclude "Carpenters" (47-2031), and "Tile and Marble Setters" (47-2044). Illustrated Example: Acoustical Carpenter, Lather, Sheet Rock Hanger

47-2081

Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas Operate a variety of drills--such as rotary, churn, and pneumatic--to tap sub-surface water and salt deposits, to remove core samples during mineral exploration or soil testing, and to facilitate the use of explosives in mining or construction. May use explosives. Include horizontal and earth boring machine operators. Illustrated Example: Auger Operator, Earth Boring Machine Operator, Tunneling Machine Operator

47-5021

Economics Teachers, Postsecondary Teach courses in economics. Include both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of both teaching and research. Illustrated Example: Agricultural Economics Teacher, Industrial Economics Teacher

25-1063